Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Missed nursing care undermines nursing standards of care and minimising this phenomenon is crucial to maintaining adequate patient safety and the quality of patient care. The concept is a neglected aspect of human resource for health thinking, and it remains understudied in low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings which have 90% of the global nursing workforce shortages. Our objective in this review was to document the prevalence of missed nursing care in LMIC, identify the categories of nursing care that are most missed and summarise the reasons for this. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review searching Medline, Embase, Global Health, WHO Global index medicus and CINAHL from their inception up until August 2021. Publications were included if they were conducted in an LMIC and reported on any combination of categories, reasons and factors associated with missed nursing care within in-patient settings. We assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies were mainly cross-sectional, from upper middle-income settings and mostly relied on nurses' self-report of missed nursing care. The measurement tools used, and their reporting were inconsistent across the literature. Nursing care most frequently missed were non-clinical nursing activities including those of comfort and communication. Inadequate personnel numbers were the most important reasons given for missed care. CONCLUSIONS: Missed nursing care is reported for all key nursing task areas threatening care quality and safety. Data suggest nurses prioritise technical activities with more non-clinical activities missed, this undermines holistic nursing care. Improving staffing levels seems a key intervention potentially including sharing of less skilled activities. More research on missed nursing care and interventions to tackle it to improve quality and safety is needed in LMIC. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021286897.

Cuidado perdido de enfermería desde la percepción de la supervisión durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Missed nursing care from the perception of supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic / Cuidados de enfermagem perdidos como percebidos pela supervisão durante a pandemia de COVID-19

El cuidado perdido tiene un impacto negativo en los resultados en salud, los cuales son reconocidos como eventos adversos por los participantes de la investigación.

Missed care has a negative impact on health outcomes, which are recognized as adverse events by research participants.

A falta de cuidados tem um impacto negativo nos resultados da saúde, que são reconhecidos como eventos adversos pelos participantes da pesquisa.

Fatores ambientais relacionados à omissáo dos cuidados de enfermagem

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura cientifica, os fatores associados à omissão dos cuidados na assistência de enfermagem. Material e Métodos: Revisão integrativa cuja pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nos meses de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, utilizando cinco bases de dados: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science e LILACS. A pergunta de pesquisa foi elaborada com base na estratégia PICO em que o problema era "omissão de cuidado", o fenómeno de interesse era "fatores ambientais" e o contexto era "cuidado de enfermagem". Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos de estudos primários, publicados no idioma inglês, português ou espanhol e que abrangessem a temática em estudo, resultando ao final em 30 artigos primários. Resultados: Os preditores do ambiente de trabalho corroboram para a omissão dos cuidados de enfermagem, dentre eles destacam-se: número de recurso humano e materiais inadequados, turno de trabalho, menor idade dos integrantes da equipe, elevada carga de trabalho, exaustão emocional, insatisfação com o trabalho. Conclusão: Verificou-se que o ambiente interfere na assistência de enfermagem, comprometendo os cuidados. A temática é relevante para instituições de saúde que visam acreditação nos serviços prestados, bem como para a atualização e/ou melhor atuação dos profissionais e pesquisadores da área da saúde hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify, in the scientific literature, the factors associated with the omission of nursing care. Materials and Methods: Integrative review whose bibliographic search was carried out in the months of November 2019 to January 2020, using five electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS. The research question was formulated according to a PICO strategy in which the problem was "omission of care", the phenomenon of interest was "environmental factors" and the context was "nursing care". The inclusion criteria were articles from primary studies, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and covering the subject under study, which resulted in 30 primary articles. Results: Predictors of the work environment corroborate the presence of factors of omission of nursing care, including inadequate number of staff and resources, work shifts, younger age of staff members, high workload, emotional exhaustion, job dissatisfaction. Conclusion: The environment was found to interfere with nursing care by compromising care. This subject is relevant for the accreditation of services provided by health institutions, as well as for the development and/or better performance of professionals and researchers in the field of hospital health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar, en la literatura científica, los factores asociados a la omisión de los cuidados en la atención en enfermería. Material y Métodos: Revisión integrativa cuya búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en los meses de noviembre de 2019 a enero de 2020, utilizando cinco bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science y LILACS. La pregunta de investigación fue elaborada en base a estrategia PICO en donde el problema fue "omisión de cuidados", el fenómeno de interés fue "factores ambientales" y el contexto fue "atención de enfermería". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos de estudios primarios, publicados en inglés, portugués o español y que cubrieran el tema en estudio, lo que resultó en 30 artículos primarios. Resultados: Los predictores del entorno laboral corroboran la presencia de factores de omisión de los cuidados de enfermería, entre los que se destacan: número inadecuado de personal y recursos, turno de trabajo, edad más joven de los miembros del equipo, alta carga de trabajo, agotamiento emocional, insatisfacción con el trabajo. Conclusión: Se constató que el ambiente interfiere en la asistencia de enfermería comprometiendo los cuidados. El tema es relevante para las acreditaciones de los servicios prestados por las instituciones de salud, al igual que para la actualización y/o mejor desempeño de los profesionales e investigadores en el campo de la salud hospitalaria.